A communication network’s application layer specifies the protocols and interfaces that are used between hosts in order to communicate with one another in order to establish communication
List of Application Layer Protocols
HTTPS-Application Layer Protocols:
HyperTransfer Protocol (HTTP) is a protocol which was designed to provide a lightweight and rapid method of distributing hypermedia information systems that are distributed collaboratively. For sending messages, the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) and an Internet Mail-like format (IMAP) are used.
TELNET-Application Layer Protocols:
TCP/IP is a network protocol that is used to emulate a terminal on the network over TELNET. There have been several options that have evolved over the past twenty years that have contributed to the development of modern TELNET, which is a terminal emulation protocol that is adaptable. It is possible for clients to connect to a TCP port in order to access the server. TELNET is a protocol that allows clients to connect to TCP ports via the network and provides input and output operations over the network.
Example: You can configure remote devices such as routers, switches, etc.
NTP-Application Layer Protocols:
A network time protocol (NTP) is a best way of synchronizing the clocks of computers over the Internet network by means of the Network Time Protocol (NTP). The purpose of this is to provide a mechanism for synchronizing time and coordinating time dispersal in a large, diverse internet environment. The mechanism can perform at rates ranging from mundane to light speed.
FTP-Application Layer Protocols:
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard protocol that provides the basic elements for sharing files between hosts over the Internet. FTP makes use of TCP in order to create a virtual connection for controlling information, and then to establish a separate TCP connection for transferring the data. For the purpose of transferring commands between hosts and exchanging messages between them, an image of the TELNET protocol is used as a control connection.
POP3-Application Layer Protocols:
There is a standard protocol for receiving e-mails that is commonly referred to as Post Office Protocol version 3. It is usually used to permit a workstation to retrieve mails that the server is holding. POP3 is a server-client protocol in which an e-mail is received and retrieved through an email client or a web browser on the Internet.
SMTP-Application Layer Protocols:
In the world of electronic mail, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol that is used to transfer e-mail messages across networks and the Internet. The SMTP protocol is used by the mail system to send messages such as texts, or messages with attachments to one or more recipients, it is modeled on the lines of the FTP file transfer service. The SMTP protocol transmits mail messages between systems, and the protocol provides notification about incoming mails.
SNMP-Application Layer Protocols:
SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol and is a standard protocol for monitoring and managing networks. This allows network devices such as switches, routers, firewalls, and servers to collect information, which can then be analyzed by an administrator to determine how to proceed.
X-WINDOW-Application Layer Protocols:
The X-Window convention provides remote windowing interfaces for appropriated system applications that employ the X-Window convention. As an Application Layer protocol, it uses either the TCP/IP or DECnet protocols for transport in order to facilitate communication. As a client-server protocol, X-Window is based on a client-server model where the server is the control application that runs on the client workstation and the client is the application that runs elsewhere on the system.
On a workstation, an X-server control project can simultaneously handle several applications’ display windows, in which every application invokes the X-Window networking protocol asynchronously to update its window with the information that has been sent by the X-server control project.
SSH-Application Layer Protocols:
SSH (Secure Shell) is an alternative protocol to TELNET, which allows data to be transferred through a secure tunnel through a closed network. Using this application you will be able to log in remotely and access your files securely.
SSH is available in two different versions:
- The first version of SSH uses RSA encryption (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) as the basis for its security
- In SSH version 2, RSA and DSA (Digital Signature Algorithms) are used to verify user identities
TCP-Application Layer Protocols:
There are two main kinds of protocols on the Internet: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). A TCP connection provides applications with a reliable and error-free stream of data and a virtual connection service over the Internet. When necessary, packets can be retransmitted through the use of sequenced acknowledgement and retransmission of packets as needed. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol.
UDP-Application Layer Protocols:
The User Datagram Protocol UDP is a connectionless/stateless and unreliable transport protocol. This adds port addresses and error control information to the data and delivers the data.
There are a number of features associated with UDP, including:
- In comparison to TCP, it is much faster.
- UDP is a protocol that is described in RFC 768 of the IETF. It provides a simple, however unreliable service for transaction-oriented systems.
- Specifically, each UDP header carries both a source port identifier and a destination port identifier; this allows high-level protocols (such as VoIP Video Conference and Telepresence) to communicate with specific applications and services among hosts and network devices.
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